Anti-Allergic Diarrhea Effect of Diosgenin Occurs via Improving Gut Dysbiosis in a Murine Model of Food Allergy

Abstract

Although the anti-allergic and prebiotic activities of diosgenin have been reported, the influence of diosgenin on intestinal immune and epithelial cells remains unclear. As the gut microbiota plays an important role in allergic disorders, this study aimed to investigate whether the anti-allergic diarrhea effect of diosgenin occurs via improving gut dysbiosis. In a murine food allergy model, the density of fecal bacterial growth on de Man, Rogossa and Sharpe (MRS) plates was diminished, and growth on reinforced clostridial medium (RCM) and lysogeny broth (LB) agar plates was elevated. However, the oral administration of diosgenin reduced the density of fecal bacteria and ameliorated diarrhea severity. Concordantly, reshaped diversity and an abundance of fecal microbes were observed in some of the diosgenin-treated mice, which showed a milder severity of diarrhea. The relevant fecal strains from the diosgenin-treated mice were defined and cultured with Caco-2 cells and allergen-primed mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells. These strains exhibited protective effects against the cytokine/chemokine network and allergen-induced T-cell responses to varying degrees. By contrast, diosgenin limitedly regulated cytokine production and even reduced cell viability. Taken together, these findings show that diosgenin per se could not directly modulate the functionality of intestinal epithelial cells and immune cells, and its anti-allergic effect is most likely exerted via improving gut dysbiosis.