Improving marine protected area governance: Concerns and possible solutions from Taiwan’s practice

Abstract

Taiwan is surrounded by oceans with rich marine biodiversity. Thus, marine ecosystem services play a crucial role in sustaining the society. Key to conserving the marine environment and resources has been the designation of marine protected areas (MPAs). As of February 2022, Taiwan had 46 MPAs. While improving governance of these MPAs has long been under discussion in Taiwan, little progress has been made. Therefore, this study reviews all Taiwanese MPAs to identify management concerns and possible solutions from a perspective of governance. It provides findings on the background of MPAs, pertinent issues regarding the current governance system, and methods for improvement of MPA governance based on benchmark models. Also, this study proposes that integration approaches and sustainable mechanisms are essential components for improving MPA governance. Furthermore, the Taiwanese MPA experience could be a valuable reference to inform marine practices and academics worldwide.